Health Care ❤
Respiratory disorder
- Bronchitis
Bronchitis is the inflammation of lining of the air passages like trachea, bronchi and bronchioles.
Symptoms:
One of the symptoms is secertion of excess mucus from the goblet cells in response to the irritation. The main symptom is cough, which occur repeatedly. Coughing and breathlessness increase as the disease progress. Bronchitis can be acute or chronic.
Cause:
Acute bronchitis usually lasts a few days only and is a side effect of viral infections like flu. Chronic bronchitis is most commonly caused by smoking and to a lesser extent by air pollution. It may last for months . The sensation of breathlessness occurs, due to the reduced gases exchange.
Treatment:
The infection will generally go away on its own within one week. One should take following steps for some relief:
- Do not smoke
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Take rest
- An inhaler may be taken
- If your doctor thinks that you have a secondary bacterial infection, antibiotic may be prescribed.
- Emphysema
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Emphysema is a respiratory disease where there is over-inflation of the alveoli in the lungs, causing a decrease in lung function.
Symptoms:
The main sign of emphysema is increasing breathlessness. In advance case the patient finds it difficult to walk. The lungs loose elasticity, so That it become more difficult to exhale air. Inflammation and narrowing of the finer bronchioles also occur.
Cause:
It is due to gradual breakdown of the thin walls of alveoli and the total surface area for gaseous exchange decreases. The main cause is the long-term irritation of the lungs, most commonly by cigarette smoke, air pollution or industrial dust.
Treatment:
Treatment methods for emphysema do not cure or reverse the damage to the lungs. The best way to prevent emphysema is to avoid smoking. A variety of medications may be used in treatment of emphysema.
- Pneumonia
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Pneumonia is defined as an inflammation of alveoli of lungs caused by acute infection. Double pneumonia is a lung infection that affects both lungs
Symptoms:
Fever, shaking chills, chest pain, cough, headache, sore throat, nausea, diarrhea etc.
Cause:
The most common cause of pneumonia is bacteria streptococcus pneumoniae
Treatment:
Antibiotic are prescribe for bacterial pneumonia.
- Asthma
Asthma is the common chronic inflammation disease of the airways.
Symptoms:
The person has more difficult in breathing out than breathing in. A characteristic lining of the respiratory pathway.
Cause:
It due to an allergic response to substance like pollen, household dust, a particular food or feathers from pillow, cold air, exercise, and smoking etc.,emotional disturbance may also provoke an attack.
Treatment:
Mild attack of asthma is controlled with bronchodilators that dilate the airway. Different device called inhalers help asthma patient to breathe. Asthma is long-term disease that has no cure. Asthma is treated with two types of medicines: long-term control and quick-relief
medicine.
- Lung cancer
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Cancer is caused by cells dividing repeatedly out of control and form unspecialised masses of cells called tumours. Lung cancer usually starts in the epithelium of the bronchioles. Its then usually spread throughout the lungs
Symptoms:
The first event appears to be thickening and cellusing of the cells lining the bronchi. Then there is a loss of cilla, so that it is impossible to prevent dust and dirt from setting in the lungs. After That tumor consisting of cancerous cells with a typical nucleus appears at one location. Due to metastasis the cancer spreads. The tumour may grow until the bronchus is blocked, cutting off the supply of air to that lung.
Cause:
Tobacco smoke is the main cause of cancer. Air pollution also increase the risk of lung cancer specially car exhaust, asbestos and arsenic.
Treatment:
The only treatment is pneumonectomy i.e., to remove a lobe or the lung completely or destroying it through radiation.